R – Runway Safety
There is little doubt that runway safety remains one of the key challenges facing commercial aviation. Runway excursions, when an aircraft unintentionally veers off or overruns the runway on arrival or departure, are one of the most serious risks in aviation. According to IATA, these accounted for 23% of accidents between 2005 and the first half of 2019. Globally, two flights a month end with a runway excursion, costing the industry more than US$900 million per year.
Runway incursions are defined as the ‘incorrect presence of an aircraft, vehicle or person on the protected area of a surface designated for the landing and take-off of aircraft’. Statistics from the FAA show there were 1,262 runway incursions at airports in the United States in 2020 – that’s an average of more than 3 incursions every day!
Fortunately, most of these incursions pass without further consequence – however the potential for catastrophe is clear. Indeed, on April 1, 1999, a runway incursion occurred at O'Hare International Airport when a China Air Boeing 747 deviated from its assigned taxi route and inadvertently re-entered a runway as a Korean Air 747 was taking off. Fortunately, the Korean aircraft was going fast enough for the pilot to lift off. According to the NTSB Report, the Korean B747 passed just 75 feet over the Air China aircraft and was only 3 seconds from a collision. There were 390 people on the two aircraft.
Fortunately, Honeywell’s runway safety solutions – SmartRunway and SmartLanding are available for both commercial and business jets and can break the chain of events that lead to runway incursions and excursions. The next evolution of the renowned Runway Awareness and Advisory System (RAAS), SmartRunway and SmartLanding are software upgrade options for the Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System (EGPWS) which increase flight crew situational and positional awareness during taxi, take-off and landing.
SmartLanding helps reduce the risk of a runway excursion by encouraging compliance with an operators’ stabilized approach criteria. Flight crew are alerted if the aircraft is going too fast, is too high, is going to incur a long landing, or is incorrectly configured for landing. SmartRunway, which addresses the threat of runway incursions, uses ground navigation GPS data to issue advisories to the flight crew based on aircraft position when compared against airport locations stored in the EGPWS Runway Database. Loss of situational awareness is a factor in the majority of these runway incursions, particularly if pilots are operating at unfamiliar airports, or in poor weather conditions.